Current situation and trend of rice plant protection machinery in China

date:2023-02-20

There are 61 kinds of diseases and 78 kinds of insect pests in rice production in China. Although they have been controlled, the losses caused by diseases and insect pests are still large in China every year. At present, the number of plant protection machinery in China is still very low compared with manual spraying and knapsack mobile medical equipment, accounting for only 0.57% of domestic plant protection machinery. Especially in rice production, the application level of rice plant protection mechanization is still very low.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional plant protection methods, people have carried out a large number of research and development of rice plant protection machinery suitable for paddy field operations. The self-propelled rice plant protection machinery is a simple power plant protection machinery. Due to its independent walking mode, the ability to cross the ridge is relatively strong, and the rate of seedling damage is relatively low. Compared with manual spraying equipment such as backpack, the labor intensity of operators has been reduced, and the efficiency has been greatly improved, The operation cost is relatively low.

These plant protection machines mainly adopt suspended or self-propelled bearing modes, and spray modes mainly include air supply, spray rod spray and other forms. The pneumatic spray usually uses the tractor or agricultural vehicle as the carrier power to carry out secondary atomization and remote transportation of fog droplets through the high-speed centrifugal fan air supply system, which has a long range and high efficiency. However, at present, the pneumatic spray has not been widely promoted and applied in rice production, mainly because in actual application, the machine still has the limitations of drift of droplets, poor precision control spraying effect, and easy to be restricted by road conditions, which makes it difficult to adapt to the needs of rice plant protection operations.

The four-wheel applicator is mainly composed of a frame, a medicine box, a liquid pump, a spray bar, and a liquid medicine pipeline. It is driven by four wheels and turned by four wheels. The spray bar can generally be unfolded in a "wild goose" manner. The spray bar can be folded after work to facilitate transportation. The remarkable features of the spray bar spray overcome the uneven distribution of pesticides in the spray gun, and the phenomenon of missed spraying and repeated dosing is significantly reduced. The passing performance of walking in the paddy field is very high, the energy consumption and seedling pressing loss are very low, and the reliability and convenience of the whole machine are very good.

From the research and application status of rice plant protection machinery at home and abroad, the development of rice plant protection machinery in China will be oriented towards precise and efficient pesticide application in the future. Improving the mechanization level of rice disease and pest control, reducing the waste of pesticide resources, and enhancing the anti-risk ability in rice production can ensure national food security, ecological security, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.